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🇪🇸Spain · passive income

Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)

Best for: retirees, investors, savings >€100K — NO work allowed in Spain

Income req
€2,400/mo
€28,800/year
Tax rate
19%
Progressive
Processing
30-60d
From submission
Total cost
€580-€1,800
App + lawyer + fees

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Overview

The Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) is one of Spain's primary residency routes for retirees and individuals with stable passive income. Best for: retirees, investors, savings >€100K — NO work allowed in Spain

This visa is designed for non-EU citizens, aged 18+. Minimum monthly income requirement: €2,400 from pension, rental_income, investment_dividends, savings.

After 5 years on this visa, you qualify for permanent residency in Spain. Citizenship becomes available after 10 years of continuous residence.

Tax treatment

Tax treatment

Standard resident (progressive 19-47%).

Standard Spain progressive taxation applies (top rate around 19%).

Important: Tax resident after 183 days — global income taxed.

Capital gains tax: 19%.

Wealth tax: varies by region (Madrid 0%, Catalonia 0.21-2.75%).

Requirements

Application process — step by step

1

Apply at Spanish consulate in home country

Cannot apply from inside Spain

⏱ 1-2 weeks docs
2

Submit financial proof

Bank statements showing 12 months of passive income meeting threshold

3

Get visa stamp (1 year)

Valid for entry to Spain

⏱ 30-60 days
4

Enter Spain + apply for TIE

Within 30 days of arrival

⏱ 2-4 weeks
5

Renew every 2 years

Need to maintain financial threshold

⏱ ongoing
6

Permanent residency at year 5

Path to citizenship at year 10 (or 2 if Latin American)

⚠ Common pitfalls

  • ZERO work allowed in Spain — even remote work for foreign employer is GREY AREA
  • Tax residency is automatic after 183 days = pay Spanish tax on global income
  • Wealth tax in some regions is brutal (Catalonia 0.21-2.75% on assets >€500K)
  • Must spend 183 days/year in Spain to maintain residency

Cost breakdown

The total cost of obtaining the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) ranges from €580 to €1,800, depending on lawyer choice, document translation needs, and country-specific fees.

Family inclusion

Yes — the Spain NLV allows family members to be included as dependents.

Path to permanent residency and citizenship

The Spain NLV is renewable and leads to permanent residency after 5 years of continuous legal residence in Spain.

Citizenship is available after 10 years, subject to language exam (typically A2-B1) and integration interview.

This pathway is therefore valuable not only for relocation but as a long-term route to EU citizenship and freedom of movement across the Schengen area.

Frequently asked questions

Who qualifies for the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)?

Non-EU/EEA citizenship. €28,800+/year passive income (no work in Spain allowed!). Private health insurance. Clean criminal record. Available to non-EU/EEA citizens.

How much income do I need for the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)?

€2,400/month minimum (€28,800/year). Income source must be: pension, rental_income, investment_dividends, savings. Bank statement showing €28,800+/year passive income for 1 person, +€7,200 per dependent

What is the tax rate for Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) holders?

Standard resident (progressive 19-47%). Standard rate around 19%. Tax resident after 183 days — global income taxed.

How long does the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) application take?

Typical processing time is 30-60 days from submission. Plus 2-6 weeks for document preparation beforehand. Account for additional time at consulate appointments and post-arrival residency permit processing.

What does the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) cost in total?

Application fee: €80. Lawyer assistance (recommended): €500 on average. Total: €580-€1,800 including all fees, translations, and apostilles.

Does the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) lead to permanent residency?

Yes — after 5 years of continuous residence under this visa, you qualify for permanent residency. Citizenship is available after 10 years.

Can I bring my family with the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)?

Yes. Spouse income requirement is typically +25% of base requirement. Each child adds 25% to the income threshold.

What are the most common pitfalls with Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)?

ZERO work allowed in Spain — even remote work for foreign employer is GREY AREA. Tax residency is automatic after 183 days = pay Spanish tax on global income. Wealth tax in some regions is brutal (Catalonia 0.21-2.75% on assets >€500K)

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Last reviewed: 2026-05-01 · Sources: official government immigration websites + verified immigration lawyer firms.
This page is informational only — not legal advice. Visa rules change frequently. Always verify current requirements with a licensed immigration lawyer before applying.